Process of and machine for treating earthy material.



M. A. POPKESS.

PROCESS OF AND MACHINE FOR TREATING EARTHY MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED APR-4. 1914- RENEWED FEB. 16,1917- Patented Sept. 18,1917.

Suva 14 mm Michael APnpkess 5 4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

M. A. POPKESS. PROCESS OF AND MACHINE FOR TREATING EARTHY MATERIAL.APPLICATION FILED APR.4, 1914. RENEWED FEB. 16.1917.

1,240,481. PatentedSept. 18, 1917 4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

@ 3} MichaelAFmpkess Yvifneooco M; A. POPKESS.

PROCESS OF AND MACHINE FOR TREATING EABTHY MATERIAL. APPLICATION FILEDAPR-4, I914- RENEWED FEB. I6, WI].

1 ,24QA81 I PatentedSept. 18, 1917.

4 $HEETS-SHEET 3.

g MichaslAPnpKess.

QViImeooco 9. vii

M. A. POPKESS. PROCESS OF AND MACHINE FOR TREATING EARTHY MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 4, I9I4- RENEWED FEB. 16.1917- Patented Sept. 18,1917.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

-- I'll,"

MICHAEL A. POPKESS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PROCESS OF AND MACHINE FOR TREATING EARTHY MATERIAL.

Application filed April 4, 1914, Serial No. 829,549.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MICHAEL A. PoPKEss, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented new and useful Improvements in Processes of and Machinesfor Treating Earthy Material, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a process of and a machine for treating earthymaterial in such a way as to produce a plastic, waterproof and durablesubstance especially adapted for paving purposes, and consists in thehereinafter described novel means and combinations.

I have heretofore been granted Letters Patent of the United States forthe process of treating earthy material and for the material which saidprocess produces, viz., No. 1,008,433, issued November 14, 1911, and themachine of the present application has been designed for carrying outsaid process and the process claimed herein, the same comprising the newand useful improvements hereinafter described in connection with theaccompanying drawings, in which,

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of the main part of themachine in its preferred form.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the front portion of the machine, partially inhorizontal section.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the machine, looking from the back side ofFig. 1 and with the central portion broken away.

Fig. 4 is an end elevation of the front end of the machine.

Fig. 5 is a partial elevation of the rear end of the machine.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on the line 66 of Fig. 4 and on alarger scale, and

Fig. 7 is a detail View, in elevation and section, of one of thepulverizing blades.

The function of the machine, as a whole, is to take earthy material, (bywhich term is meant any material, such as ordinary soil, loam, clay,peat, or the like, as distinguished from crushed stone, gravel andsand), heat, dry and pulverize sald material into fine dust, separatingit as formed from the coarser particles, and then to intimately mix theresulting dust with a liquefied bituminous binder, whereby a product isobtained, which is particularly adapted for surfacing roadways,sidewalks, floors, etc., being homogeneous, dense yet malleable, andwaterproof.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 18, 1917.

Renewed February 16, 1917. Serial No. 149,145.

The means for accomplishing can be blown through the drum and escape Vunmixed.

Whlle 1t 1s preferable to conduct these operations 1n one continuousrotary drum,

it is not essential to my invention that the said drum rotate or that itbe integral from end to end, as it may be stationary and containrevolving means for feeding the material therethrough, or be made insections. Furthermore the pulverizing chamber portion of the drum may beused alone and the mixing be omitted or done elsewhere, if desired,although the complete arrangement, shown in the drawings, is thepreferred form when the surfacing product, referred to above, is to bemade. Also the cooperating elements, for pulverizing, spraying andmixing in the successive portions of the drum, may be varied to someextent, all as r will appear from the following description and. asspecified in the annexed claims.

An important part of my invention is the construction of the pulverizingcham-- ber, whereby the fine dust is separated, 'as soon as it isformed, from the coarser particles and is progressively fed rearwardlyto the spraying and mixing chamber, out of further contact with thepulverizing means, and the whirling gases and steam,--

when heat is employed, and at auniform rate and in a relativelyquiescent state.

Another feature of my invention lies in the construction and location ofthe combustion chamber, by means of which the ma terial is, or may be,heated and dried, while it is being pulverized, said chamber lyingwithin the pulverizing means, the burning or highly heated air and gasespassing radially out through said means directly into the flying-dirt.The separated dust is fed rearwardly slowly and evenly into the nextportion or chamber of the drum.

Another important feature is the means for spraying the material in thespraying and mixing chamber, whereby any fine dust, which may be carrieddirectly into said chamber by the pulverizing means and by the whirlingblast of hot air, steam and gases, is caught by the spray. Also, whenthe final or impact mixing chamber, shown in the drawings, is used, theparts are so arranged that any fine dust, which may have issued from theinside of the screen cylinder and have passed through the spray, will becaught by the flying mixture of dust and binder, as it is dropped ontoand struck by said blades.

The machine shown in the accompanying drawings will now be described.

The frame of the machine is indicated as a whole at 1, and is intendedto be mounted on wheels, not shown, so that the machine can beconveniently moved as the work progresses, as in surfacing a road, whichis the principal use to which the machine is designed to be put. Themachine can, however, be used as a stationary lant, if desired, in whichcase the resultmg product will be conveyed to the place of use or formedinto blocks to be shipped when needed.

The earthy material to be treated in this machine is, as stated, anyclay, loam or soil, substantially free from gravel and sandalthough acertain percentage of sand will often be present, or may be peat or thelike, and the binder is a relatively soft liquid asphalt, of highpenetration.

Certain features of the machine can be used with advantage independentlyof 'other features; for example, the pulveriz-.

ing and drying features can be used, as stated above, without thespraying and mixing features and, where the material to be treatedcontains very little moisture, the heating and drying features can beomitted.

Rotatably supported on rollers 2 is a drum 3, which constitutes the saidpulverizing, spraying and mixing chambers, said drum being rotatedslowly,for example, at 12 revolutions per minute,by pinions 4 meshingwith the girth gears 5, the rollers 2 running on tracks 6 adjoining saidgears. A motor 7, preferably an internal combustion engine, is mountedon the front end of the frame, and the shaft 8 of which drives the shaftof said pinions, through intermediate gearing, hereinafter described.

The front end of the drum has elevating cleats or shelves 13 secured toits inner periphery and running substantially parallel to its axis.These shelves extend for a short dlstance only within the drum and,beyqnd their rear ends, a screen cylinder 15, preferably made of wovensteel wire, is'

secured within said drum by means of a plurality of short plates 16,arranged at an incline, or spirally, so as to feed the dust rearwardlvas the drum and screen cylinder rotate. The screen cylinder ispreferably made of larger diameter at its front end than at its rearend, and has elevating shelves 17 secured to its-inner periphery,

.running substantially parallel with its axis,

in the drawings, contains a plurality of short spiral blades 18, securedto the inner periphery of the drum so as to feed the materialrearwardly, as the latter rotates. The last section of the drum, whichconstitutesthe final mixing chamber, contains elevating shelves 19,secured to the inner periphery of the drum, substantially parallel withits axis.

I will now describe the means within said sections or chambers of thedrum, which cooperate therewith in the treatment of the material but,before doing so, I will call attention to the fixed casing 20, whichsurrounds the drum. This casing is closed at its front and rear ends toform an annular space for the hot air and gases which, as they issuefrom the rear end of the drum, are forced to travel forwardly throughsaid space, to esca e through the flue 21 at the front end of saidcasing. By this arrangement, the wall of the drum is kept hot and thebitumen is prevented from congealing thereon. To prevent anv materialfrom being thrown out of the rear end of the drum and onto the topthereof, a semi-circular hood 22, which acts as a bafiie plate, issecured to said casing in line with or around the upper half of the rearend of the drum, and a fixed plate 23 is mounted so as to close thelower half of said end. -This hood and plate are only necessary when theimpact mixer, shown in Fig.- 1, is used.

-The pulverizing chamber of the drum contains the pulverizing reel 25,to the peripher of which are secured spiral blades 26 an between saidblades, openings 27 are formed for the passage of the hot air and gases,which openings may decrease in diameter toward the rear of said reel.Said reel is supported at its front end by a spider plate 24, fast onthe hollow shaft 30, the outer portion of said plate being solid and theinner portion containing air openings 72, hereinafter referred to. Theannular space between the reel and the drum is closed at the front endby a fixed plate 31.

The shaft 32, supporting the rear end of thereel, has secured to it, aplurality of pipes 34, communicating, through the hollow end of saidshaft, with the pipe 35, through which the binder is forced by the pump36, shown in Figs. 3 and 7, from the tank 38. Said pipes 34 carry,within,,..the

. a plurality of spray nozzles 40, set'so as to deliver convergentsprays, alternately at spraying and mixing chamber of the drum,

right angles to each other.

The rear end of said shaft 32 carries spider arms 42, to the outer endsof which are secured inclined or spiral impact blades 43, which, incoiiperation with the lifting blades 19,- perform the final mixingoperation. These blades will not be necessary in all cases, and a mixer,other than an impact mixer, such as a screw conveyer or worm, maysometimes be used instead.

The earthy material is fed into the front end of the drum through ahopper 50, into which it may be raised by a bucket-elevator, indicatedat 52 by dotted lines in Fig. 2, from which hopper it passes into ameasuring device, comprising a cylindrical casing 53, open at its top tosaid hopper-and at its bottom to a chute 54, and containing a rotarycylinder 55, having an opening in its periphery equal in size to theopenings in the said casing, and driven from the motor by thetransmission hereinafter, described. Said chute 54 leads into thehorizontal casing 56, containing a screw conveyer or worm 57, driven inunison with said cylinder, said casing opening into the front end of thedrum 3 at one side of the pulverizing reel 25.

The pump 36 for the hinder, the measur;

ing device cylinder 55 and the worm 57 are all driven by the motorthrough an adjustable friction drive, 60, so that their speed issimultaneously controlled. Thefunction of the measuring device is toreceive and deliver a certain amount of material at regular intervals,and that of the worm 57 to feed into the drum a substantially uniformstream of material, the amount of binder forced in corresponding to therate of feed of the material. In this way, the relative proportions ofdust and binder, best suited for the work in hand, are automaticallycontrolled, and I may state here that, in the formation of my surfacingproduct, as described and covered in my said Patent No. 1,008,433, I usea larger amount of bitumen than is ordinarily used in paving mixtures,frequently about 16 per cent, by weight.

At is indicated the liquid fuel or oil burner, which projects into thepulverizing reel through the hollow shaft 30. It may be of any knowntype, and is fed with highpressure air and oil, and sometimes also withlow pressure air surrounding the high pressure feed pipe, which liesaxially in the burner. The annular space 71 admits atmospheric air forcombustion, and atmospheric air may also be admitted through the spaces72, surrounding said shaft 30, the inlet to said spaces being controlledby a. valve or damper 73, keyed to slide on shaft 30. The mixture ofburning gas and airissues into the hood 75, projecting into the reel andreduced in diameter at its front end, so as to form a combustion chamberin which the atmospheric air mixdslwith the burnin mixture and reducesthe temperature o the products of combustion, the mixed air and gasesbeing directed by said hood axially into the reel, and therebypreventing overheating of the front end of the latter.

In practice, it is an advantage to preheat the oil and the air of theforced draft to a certain degree, which can conveniently be accomplishedby conducting them in contact with or within the muflier and through theradiator of the motor, respectively.

The drives forthe various moving parts are shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4:.The crankshaft 8 ofthe motor drives through a chain 9, the countershaft10 which, in turn, drives,

' through a chain M, the shaft 12, which carries a pinion 76, in meshwith a pinion 77 on the shaft 7 8 earring the girth pmlons 4.

Shaft 10 also drives, through chain 7 9, the

shaft 30 of the pulverizer reel. 80 'and 81 indicate clutches on theshaft 10, by wh ch the pulleys, driving the chains 11 and 79, are 8connected or disconnected from said'shaft. 82 indicates a transversetravelmg belt or the like, for receiving the product from the rear endof the drum and conveying it.

the material uniformly throughout the transverse travel of said beltShaft 12 drives, by chain 83, a countershaft 84, carrying the roller ofthe'friction drive 60, the cotiperating disk of. said drive beingcarried by a vertical shaft 85, on which is a bevel pinion 86 in meshwith a bevel gear 87 on the shaft 88, which runs to the rear of themachine on the other side of the machine from shaft 10. Shaft 88 carriesa worm 89, in mesh with 'a worm wheel 90 on a shaft 91, which drives, bya chain or belt 92, the shaft 93, of the measuring device cylinder 55.Shaft 88 also drives, by a chain or belt 94, the shaft 95, carrying theworm 57, and finally, shaft 88 drives the asphalt pump 36. It will beseen that, when the speed of -the vertical shaft 85 is varied by meansof the friction drive 60, the speeds of the measuring device, of theworm and of the pump are all varied, so that the The burner beingstarted up and the m0- tor driving the various parts, the material isfed, by the bucket elevator 52, Or otherwise, into the hopper 50, passesthrough the measuring device 53 into the casing 55, in which the worm 57feeds it, in a uniform stream, into the drum 3, where it is picked up bythe shelves 13 and dropped onto the front end of the pulverizer reel 25,the blades of which cut and break it up and at the same time feed itrearwardly. To increase the extent of the cutting edges of said blades,I may make them scalloped, as shown in Fig. 7, which also shows holes 97formed in said blades to diminish the resistance offered by them inrevolving. Neither of these features is essential, but they tend toincrease the capacity of the machine.

The dirt, thus more or less broken up, soon passes into the portion ofthe drum containing the screen cylinder, and continues to be subjectedto the pulverizing action of the reel blades 26, being dropped thereuponby the shelves 17. The hot air and gases, passing out through the holes27 assist, of course, in the pulverizing action. Some of the materialnow becomes fine dust and passes through the screen into the spacebetween the latter and the drum, where it is slowly fed rearwardly bythe spiral plates 16. Before it reaches the end of the screen cylinder,something like 95 per cent. of the material has passed through thescreen, so that nearly all of it is fed into the spraying chamber slowlyand uniformly, and only a very small proportion is carried into saidchamber by the whirling air and gases surrounding the reel within thecylinder.

It will be understood that the pulverizing action is carried on in thismachine under the most favorable conditions and with the expenditure ofa minimum of power. The lumps of earthy material are subjectedsimultaneously to the cutting and in pact action of the rapidlyrevolving blades, to the attrition and impact action of particlesstriking against each other while some are falling and others are beingdashed against them, and to the disintegrating effect of the heat whichevaporates the mo sture carried by the material, the resulting steamcausing the particles to momentarily swell, in which condition theyare-the more readily pulverized. The power required is reduced by theseparation of the dustas soon as it is formed, as only the coarserparticles fall back on the blades and strike other particles, whereas,without the separating screen, the coarser particles would be cushioned,as it gere, by the large percentage of agitated ust.

The rearmost of said spiral plates 16 is longer than the others, makinga complete spiral turn around the reel, the object being to feed thedust slowly and uniformly out of said space between the cylinder anddrum, and prevent too rapid an issuance of air and gases therefrom.

The dust, delivered evenly from the rear end of the screen cylinder intothe spraying chamber of the drum, is carried up for a short distance onthe wall of the latter by the spiral blades 18, which also feed itrearwardly, and, at the same time, it is sprayed with the binder issuingfrom the revolving nozzles 40, by means of which the whole chamber isfilled with a mist, so to speak, of whirling spray, whereby anyparticles of dust, carried into the chamber by the whirling gases,without having passed through the screen, are caught and combined withthe binder.

While I prefer to spray the dust in the manner and by the means justdescribed, it can be done, with efficient results in some cases, bystationary, instead of revolving nozzles, and a worm be used tothoroughly mix the dust and binder.

To insure a thorough mixing, and to prevent the possible escape ofanyunmixed dust, I provide, in the machine illustrated, the impactmixer, consisting of the spiral blades 43 and the lifting shelves 19,the action of which is, of course, somewhat similar to that of thepulverizing means.

The pulverizer, and its shaft 32, carrying the nozzles and said impactblades 43, revolve at a very much higher speed than the drum, and theresult is that all of the dust is thoroughly mixed before beingdelivered from the rear end of the drum onto the ground or onto aconveying means, such as the belt 82.

Various modifications can, of course, be made in the construction andarrangement of the parts above described and illustrated in thedrawings, what I believe to be novel being defined in the followingclaims:

1. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a drum, meanswithin the same for raising the material toward the top thereof,revolving pulverizing means within said drum upon which the materialfalls, and means within said drum for collecting the fine dust as it isformed and for main taining it out of further contact with saidpulverizing means.

2. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a rotarydrum, revolving pulverizing means within said drum upon which thematerial falls, means between said within said drum to pulverize thematerial t play heat upon the material being puland at the same timefeed it rearwardly, a verlzed, said reel and retaining means berotaryscreen cylinder between said drum ing constructed and arranged to feedthe and pulverizing means, means Within said cylinder to raise thematerial and drop it onto said pulverizing means, and means between saidcylinder and drum to feed the material, which has passed through. thecylinder, rearwardly as said cylinder rotates.

4. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a rotarydrum, means to introduce the material into the front end of the same, arevolving pulverizer within said drum, a screen cylinder secured to butspaced away from the inner periphery of the drum, said cylinder being ofgreater diameter at its frontend than at its rear end and means securedto the inside of said cylinder to raise the material and drop it ontosaid pulverizer.

5. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a drum,revolving means within the same to pulverize the material and feed itthrough the drum, means to separate out the fine dust as fast as itis'formed 'and means to feed the separated dust through the drum.

6. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a drum,revolving means within the same to pulverize the material. by repeatedimpact, means to heat and dry the material while it is being acted uponby said pulverizing means, means to separate out the fine dust as fastas it is formed, and means to feed the separated dust through the drum.

7 In a machine of the class described, the combination of a rotary drumand means to introduce the material into one end thereof, revolvingpulverizer blades within said drum, means secured to the inside of saiddrum to collect the fine dust as it is formed and prevent it fallingback upon said blades, and means to force a blast of combustible gas andair into said drum.

8. In a machine of the class described,the combination with a rotarydrum and means to introduce the material into one end of the same, ofrevolving spirally-arranged pulverizer'blades within said drum, a screenbetween said pulverizer blades and drum and secured to the latter tocatch the fine dust and prevent it falling back upon the blades, meansbetween said screen and saididrum to progressively feed the dustrearwardly as they rotate, and liftin shelves secured longitudinally tothe insi e of said screen.

9. In a machine of the class described, the

combination of a rotary drum having an inlet for the material at itsfront end, a pulverizing reel within said drum, means within the drum torepeatedly raise the material and drop it onto said reel, means toretain the fine dust, as'soon as it is formed, from further contact withsaid reel, and means material rearwardly.

10. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a rotarydrum, a screen cylinder therein, lifting shelves on the inside of saidcylinder, a plurality of spirally arranged plates between said drm'n andcylinder, a rotary pulverizing reel Within said screen cylinder andhaving openings in its periphery, and means to force a combustiblemixture of air and gas into said reel.

11. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a drum, arotary pulverizing reel Within the same, means to elevate the materialand drop it on said reel, means to direct a blast of heated air and gasinto said drum, a screen cylinder between said drum and reel to collectthe fine dust as fast as it is formed and means to feed said dustrearwardly in the drum.

12. In a machine of the class described, the combination with a rotarydrum and means to feed the material into the front end thereof,elevating shelves secured inside said end, a pulverizing reel mountedwithin said drum, means to rotate said reel at a higher rate of speedthan said drum, a-

screen cylinder secured to said drum and extending around sald reel 1nthe rear of said shelves, lifting shelves carried lnside said cylinder,the whole arranged to feed the Y material rearwardly in the drum, andmeans to play heat into the material as it is fedalong. a

13. In a machine of the class described, the combination With a rotarydrum and means to feed the material into the front end thereof,elevating shelves secured inside said end, revolving spiral pulverizingblades within said drum, a screen cylinder between said reel and drum inthe rear of said shelves, short spiral plates connecting said cylinderto said drum, and lifting shelves secured to the inside of saidcylinder, whereby the material is pulverized and the fine dust collectedoutside the screen as fast as said drum, and means to deliver thepulverized material in a constant uniform stream, comprising a screencylinder carried by said drum around said pulverizing means and spirallyarranged-y-plates connecting said cylinder and drum, 'wheregcg thematerial, as soon as it is pulver iz passes through said screen and isslowly fed rearwardly out of contact with the pulverizing means and theblast of air and gas.

15. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a drum andmeans to feed the material thereinto, a revolving reel carryingpulverizer blades within said drum, a hollow shaft supporting said reel,and having openings in its wall between said blades, and a liquid fuelburner projecting into said drum through said shaft.

16. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a rotarydrum and means to introduce the material into one end thereof, elevatingshelves carried on the inside of said drum, a relatively rapidlyrotating pulverizing reel within said drum, said reel carrying spiralblades and having openings through its wall between said blades, andmeans to force a combustible mixture of air and gas into said reel.

17. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a rotarydrum comprising pulverizing and mixing chambers, a rotary shaft withinsaid drum, pulverizing means carried by said shaft within saidgulverizing chamber, spray nozzles carried y said shaft within saidmixing chamber, means carried by said drum within both said chambers toraisethe material toward the top thereof, and means to feed a bituminousbinder to said nozzles.

18. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a rotarydrum compris ing pulverizing and mixing chambers, a rotary shaft withinsaid drum, pulverizin means carried by said shaft within sai Enlverizingchamber, spray nozzles carried y said shaft within saidmixin meanscarried by said drum within both said chambers to raise the materialtoward the top thereof, means to feed a bituminous binder to saidnozzles, and means to intimately mix the pulverized material and bindertogether.

19. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a rotarydrum, means to deliver a blastof hot air and gas into said drum, meansto feed earthy material into the front end of said. drum, revolvingmeans within said drum to pulveriz e said material, means between saiddrum and pulverizer to catch the fine dust and feed it rearwardly, meanswithin said drum in the rear of said pulverizer to deliver a pinralityof sprays of liquefied binder into said dust, and means to mix the dustwith the binder and feed it to the rear end of the drum.

20. In a machine of the class described, the combination with a rotarydrum and means to feed earthy material thereinto, of

means within said drum for pulverizingsaid material and means forsimultaneously heating and drying the same, means to colchamber, 1

integer lect the fine pulverized material as it is formed and to feed itrearwardly without coming again in contact with said pulverizing means,means to spray said material with a bituminous binder in such a we as'to catch any particles not so collected, and

means to thoroughly mix said dust with said binder.

:21. In a machine of the class described,

ing chamber, spray nozzles therein and means tosupply a liquid binderthereto; the rear portion of said drum constituting a mixing chamber,revolving means therein, and means on the inside of said drum toprogress the material therethrough.

22. In a machine of the class described, arotary drum, means lnslde thesame to progress the material therethrough, means i in the front portionof said drum to pulverize, screen and dry the material to dust,

means in the central portion of said drumto spray a liquid binderintothe dust, and means in the rear portion to intimately mix the binder anddust. I

23. In a machine of the class described, the combination with a rotarydrum into and through which the earthy material is fedfsuccessive zonesof said drum constitutin respectively, a pulverizing and dustco lootingcham er, a spraying and mixing chamber, and an impact mixing chamber,and said zones containing, respectively, means for drying, pulverizingand collecting the dust, means for spraying in the binder and mixing itwith the dust, and means for further mixing them by impact.

24. In a machine of the class described,

the combination of a rotary drum, revolving pulverizing means within thefront portion of the same, means for directing a blast of burning gasand air into the front end of said drum, means in the central portion ofthe drum to spray a liquid binder into" the material, means in the rearportion of said drum to thoroughly mix the material and binder, and acasing outside said drum, closed at its ends and having an outlet fiueat its front end, whereby the heated air and gases are forced to passthrough the drum to its rear end and then forwardly between said drumand casing to escape at the front end of the latter.

25. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a rotarydrum, revolving pulverizing means and spray nozzles for the binderwithin said drum, of means to deliver measured quantities of earthymaterial into said drum, means to feed a measured quantity of binder tosaid nozaaeaaei zles, and mechanism, common to and controlling the speedof both said means, whereby both are simultaneously accelerated orretarded.

26. In a machine of the class described, the combination with a rotarydrum, means to feed earthy material into one end of the same, means onthe inside of said drum to carry said material upwardly as the drumrotates, a hollow rotary pulverizer axially mounted within said drum andcarrying spiral blades on its periphery, the latter having openingstherethrough between said blades, a liquid fuel burner projectingaxially into the front end of said drum, means to supply air underpressure to said burner, a tubular hood surrounding and projectingbeyond the nozzle of said burner, the outer end of said hood being oflarger diameter than said burner so as to leave an annular space betweenthem for the admission of air drawn in by the fan effect of thepulverizer blades and the injector effect of the burner, the inner-endof said hood being reduced'in diameter so as to form a combustionchamber and to direct the burning air and gas axially into thepulverizer, and means to control the admission of air into said annularspace.

27. In a machine of the class described, the combination with means fordrying the material, means for pulverizing the same and means forseparating out the fine dust, of means for mixing the latter with a.liquid while it is still 110 28. In a machine of the class described,the combination with means for drying the material, means forpulverizing the same and means for separating out the fine dust, ofnozzles for spraying said dust with a liquid, a pump for forcing theliquid to said nozzles, means for feeding the material to said dryingand pulverizing means, and means for simultaneously varying the speed ofsaid pump and said feeding means.

' 29. In a machine of the class described, the combination with means topulverize the material, of means to feed the same into the machine,comprising a measuring device, constructed and adapted to feedpredetermined quantities at regular intervals, and a continuously actingconveying means, receivingthe material from said measuring device andconveying it in a uniform stream into the machine.

30. In a machine ofthe class described, the combination with a drum inwhich the material is pulverized to dust and then sprayed with a liquid,of means to deliver the liquid to be sprayed under pressure, a hopper toreceive the material to be treated, a measuring device to receive thematerial from said hopper and deliver it periodically, a screw conveyerto receive the material from said measuring-device and deliver it intothe machine in a uniform stream, and power connections, including acommon speed-changing means, for driving said pump,said measuring deviceand said screw conveyer, whereby the proportion of li uid and ofmaterial fed int-o the machine is kept integrate, mechanical means tofurther disintegrate the material and means to collect the dust as soonas it is formed and feed it rearwardly of said drum out of contact withsaid mechanical means. e5

32. In a machine of the class described, the combination with a drum andmeans to feed the material thereinto at auniform rate, of means withinthe front portion of said drum to drive the-moisture out of the materialand to pulverize it to fine dust, means, also within said front portion,to collect the dust as fast as it is formed and to feed it into thecontinuation of said drum at a uniform rate, means to fill saidcontinuation with sprays of liquid, whereby said dust is impregnatedwith the liquid and means, in the rear portion of said drum, ,to mixthedust and liquid andfeed it out of said drum.

33. In a machine of the class described, the combination with a drum andmeans to feed the material thereinto at a uniform rate, of means withinthe front portion of said drum to drive the moisture out of the materialand to pulverize it to fine dust, means, also within said front portion,to collect the dust as fast as it is formed and to feed it into thecontinuation of said drum at a uniform rate, means to fill said conaretinuation with sprays of liquid, means in the rear portion of said drumto thoroughly mix the dust and liquid, comprising revolving spiralimpact blades, and a hood over the upper half of the rear end of saiddrum to collect the mixed dust and direct it downwardly.

34. In a machine of-the class described, the combination with a drum andmeans to feed the material thereinto at a uniform 12o rate, of meanswithin said drum for pulverizing the material, comprising means to forcethereinto a combustible mixture of heated air and fuel, whereby themoisture is driven off and the material caused to disintegrate,mechanical means to further disintegrate the material, means to collectthe dust as soon as it is formed and feed it rearwardly of said drum outof contact with said mechanical means, means in the central portion ofsaid drum to spray the dust with a liquid, and revolving impact means inthe rear portion of said drum to thoroughly mix the dust and liquid.

35. In a machine of the class described, the combination with a drum andmeans to feed the material thereinto at a uniform rate, of means withinsaid drum for pulverizing the material, comprising means to forcethereinto a combustible mixture of heatedair and fuel, whereby themoisture is driven off and the material caused to disintegrate,mechanical means to further disintegrate the material, means to collectthe dust as soon as it is formed and feed it rearwardly of said drum outof contact with said mechanical means, means in the central portion ofsaid drum to spray the dust with a liquid, revolving impact means in therear portion of said drum to thoroughly 'mix the dust and liquid, andmeans below the rear end of the drum to convey the mixed materialtransversely of the machine.

36. In a machine of the class described, the combination with the frameand a prime mover mounted thereon, of a drum rotatably supported on saidframe, connections between said drum and said prime mover whereby theformer is slowly rotated, means, also connected with said prime mover,to

'feed material into the front end of said drum,means within the latterto carry the material up toward the top of the same, a pulverizer reelmounted within said drum, connections between said reel and said primemover whereby the former is rotated at a relatively high speed, meanswithin said drum, to the rear of said reel, to spray and mix thepulverized material with a liquid binder, an endles belt runningtransversely of the machine from beneath the rear end of said drum,connections between. said belt and prime mover and scraper blades ofprogressively increasing length, supported by the frame over said belt,whereby the mixed material can be delivered uniformly upon the roadway.

37. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a drum,means within the same to constantly raise material toward the topthereof, a rotary pulverizing reel, having openings in its periphery,mounted within said drum, a liquid fuel burner projeoting into saidreel, a combustion chamber surrounding said burner and means to regulatethe admission of atmospheric air to said chamber.

38. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a drum,means within thoroughly togethe the same to constantly raise materialtoward the top thereof, a rotary pulverizing reel, having openings inits periphery, mounted within said drum, a liquid fuel burner projectinginto said reel, a combustion chamber surrounding said burner, means toregulate the admission of atmospheric air to said chamber, and meanswithin said drum to the rear of said reel to spray and mix thepulverized material with a liquid.

39. In a machine of the class described,

the combination of a drum, means within the 7 same to constantly raisematerial toward the top thereof, a rotary pulverizing reel, havingopenings in its periphery, mounted within said drum, a liquid fuelburner projecting into said reel, a combustion chamber surrounding saidburner, means to regulate the admission of atmospheric air to saidchamber, means within said drum to the rear of said reel to spray thepulverized material with a liquid, and means within said drum to therear of said spraying means to mix the pulverized material and liquid byrepeated impact.

40. The process of producing material for use in surfacing roads, makingbrick and the like, consisting in taking earthy material in a cold anddamp state and a binder having adhesive and waterproof properties, and

' the like, consisting in taking earthy material in a cold and dampstate and an asphaltic binder having adhesive, and waterproofproperties, and mixing the said ingredients r and then passing themixture through a disintegrator to comminute-the same.

42. A machine for preparing paving material comprising a-mixer, adisintegrator, means to operate both mixer and disintegrator, means todeliver a measured quantity of earthy material to said mixer, means todeiiver binding material to said mixer in quantity proportioned to thequantity of earthy material delivered to said mixer, and means toautomatically deliver mixed material from said mixer to saiddisintegrator.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

IVHCHAEL A. POPKESS. V'Vitnesses:

FRANK MQGRANE, HARRY L. Pownmi.

